Liquid-fuel-burning apparatus



Nv.22,192w. 1,650,560 H. H..WILLIAMS LIQ'UI'D FUEL BURNING APPARATUS Filed oct. 29. 1924 2 sheets-sheet@ Nov. 22, '1927. 1,650,560

H. H. WILLIAMS LIQUID FUEL BURNING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 29. 1924 A 2 Sheets-Shoet 2 fram/EK Patented New.` 22, 1927. Y

TED S e t u was TES; PATENiro-Frirc1,; s

HENRY Hr WILLIAMS, en examinateurs, PENNsYLvANrA,assassinare :ma Tanon i MANUFAQTURING 3einzelnen)` ou :ement-nDamianivf rnnivsnvnnrn, nyoolaieonnef f TION.

i LIQu-InfFUEn-BUBNING aerfnarus.

'l application med oefwber a9, 1924. serial Np. messa rlheV prncipalobjects `of' the present in"-y ventionare, first, toprovide for safetyy` satisfactorily, eeonomieallyand automatiealL lyfheating a dwelling or Vthe' likevvit'h liquidi fuel; second, to provide simple, reiiable and;

comparatively inexpensive apparatus for use in the accomplishment ofi' the first mention-ediobject; third; to. automaticallyinterrupt` the supply of oilV or liquidfuel inthe? event of? the accidental extinguishment'` of the burn-` er; fourth, to provide not only anfinitial adjustment for the burner but also a ther- Inostatic adjustment for the burner; and

fifth, to maintain a supply ,of water for a considerable length of time for the burner even though the city supply ybe interrupted; Other objects of the invention will appear from the following description.:and' the in-A vention, generally stated",l may be saidftoy comprise an oilburning` house heating sys* tem. including a. vacuum feed.4k oil` lmrner,` burner steam jet inea-ns heated'by` the buirner, and thermostatic air connections for vent- 'p burner to Control the ing the'vaouuin of the oilf'eed. M

The inventionlalso comprises the improvements to be presently described and finally claimed.

rIfhe inventionrelates'v to a burner ofthe jet type, the fuel `being* atoniized by a sup- I ply of Huid under pressureivliieh ,may be steamy or compressed"airl or any other conf venient medium.v In the form of the 4invention illust-ratei the atomizing medium is steam generatediby the burner. i The steam from the boiler isledto the burner andv di`scharged through a nozzle into 'thejburne'r tube creating in the burner passage or atomizing passage beyondthe nozzley or orifice a jet of high velocity, the vaouurn diie to"4 the velocity being utilized to raisethei'uelV to a reservoir from vvhicliit is fed to the burner by suction or gravity orboth. "The:

rate of Combustionis in turn regulatedby a second air passage leading to the burner jet by means of which the burner .vaouurn" is Controlled at the Willr ofltlieoperatorl or by means of a thermostat determining the rate of" combustion.' The burner vacuum contributes a very important'elementpto the feeding of thefuel in additionto tliefunejf tionvvhich it servesinv raisilgthe ffuel to the tank, i. e., the burner suction, or vacuum.`

assists in them gravity feedf` and. in v atomization, and by controlling the vacuum, a Wide A tuat'edi7 range of regulation loft'lie-operationis made l available and extreme accuracy of regula- "resides in the combination ofY a. jet burner having la constricted passage, means for lead- Y `ingV to said' passage a supply :of fluid under pressure whereby a jet is producedl or. ac-

the jet Wl'iereloy the vacuum due` to the veloc-` .ity `of'thejlet isused to lift tlie fuel to a conj stant'level reservoir from which point it is `fed3 to the burnentlie feeding and atomizatio'n. of" the fuel being, assisted' bythe burner suction,` t'he tank lgieingI near" or above: the level `of the j etg so gravity may be utilized,

a finel'liftingfair passage leading: to

and` a fourth passage in the nature' ot" an.

air passagek leading to /tlie jet 4whereby'` the; burner vaeu'um is controlled,l infturn `con;-`A trolling4 the fuelA feed? andatomizatiom. and

`henee t'le rate of combustion, the regulating passage being in turni controlled by a then `most'at or manually operated means or both.A

An important advantageincidentto mainy tainingthe supply offfuelbelow the level of theburner and raising itby the vacuum ofV a" jet "createdf by a steam pressure maintained by` tlielieatof the; burner itself to a *point` near or above the levelv oftlie burner, from.` Wliiehiit isfed4 gravity or, byy the'burner vacuum `or botli',. isA tliatfif by any chance the burner yshould be extinguished prema-` turely, the fiow of` fiiel to the burner is stopped or limitedl to. the small supply Inai`n-- tained in the constant'. level tank,

and the various ldifficulties incident :tor floodi nali bore containing ar plurality of` plugs` pierced i by small.. central orifices formingy the sonstrlicted'.`portion, and spaced.' apart o1` v l,otherwise apertured at the endsprovidingl the entrances to` therlateral. passages. Where? bythe.` burner vacuum is utilized: andf conT troll'ed for the, various purposes above recited;4 g Y Y The invention also relatesto the combina+ `tion `ofthe burner with: the/boiler member fandt'o tle detailsof the-boiler member, con` sistivng--,` of a steam, drum, or i .chamber Within tends through,1 the.` steamchamber. andr into "which the burner is directed; the burner, in

Vwhich. is a. ite tube which, preferably exi back leg 18 is provided vwith'a isteam `outlet accordance with the .preferred details of the device, Ybeingiimountedon or directlyv the steam generator. This arrangement proeonnected tothe lsteam drum.

In the following descriptionv reference will bemade thefaccompanying drawings forming part hereof and-in which.

Figure 1 is an end view, partly in section, of house heating oil burning apparatus embodying features of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a side view, partly in Section, on the line 2-2 of Figure` 1.

Fig. 3 is a'view drawnl tof'an enlarged' scale and looking 'toward the leftV in Fig.

of the burner ory atomizver, and y Fig. 4 is a sectional view takenfon the line 4--4' of Fig. 3. i

- Referring to the drawings` thel burner Y proper or atomizer consists of afbody 1 of tubularv form and provided withv three ports,

leading from the'central bore. Each port is connected with a tube'or pipe 3, 5 and 6.

,Three tubular plugs`or"tip's 'are mounted inv the bore'of thebody l, and'theyprovideian orificeA or nozzle 7,' a space'l 8, Lapassage 9, a space 10, anda passage 11,'th'e yliiass'ages 9 vand 11 and theinterveniug portions of spaces 8 and l0 comprise the burner passage proper, subsequently referred to here? 1n. When a jet of'steam or other gaseous Huid issues through 'the orifice 7,f a partial vacuum is created in the spaces 8 andf10.

The space 8 is connected 'by' tliepipev 5 with,

a vacuum system which liftstheV fuel 'to a point above the `burner and` which willlbe presently -described.j'l`hel space 10 is connected by thepipe 3' with a float valve 12 which inv turn is connected by a pipe 13to the vacuum system feed'tank 14. The spacel 10 is also connectedv by the pipe 6 to the thermostatic air valve 15 which, when open, permits air to enter 'the space 10 and decrease or altogether abolish the vacuum. According as the'degree of vvacuumfin the chamber 10 is decreased a smaller quantity of oil reaches the chamberl 10, and thus this reduced quantity of oil is atomizedby the `j et passin out of the orifice 'or tube 9. When the va ve 15 is closed the degree of vacuum or minus pressure in the chamber '10.increases, more oil reaches the chamber 10, and the quantity of oil atomized increases. The Steam generator yconsists of two tubes 16 and 17 welded or otherwise secured to end pieces and p1o,vided' with aback legl 18.t The connectioniinto whichthe burner or vatomizer 1 is screwed.' There is also `an inlet connection 19 for water under pressure.`` The flame from the burner lpasses through the inner tube 17 of the steam generator'andpthe combustion in the'ninner tube may beregulated from a source' such vas cityinainsppasses through a valve 21, a check valve22, an air l chambered tank 23, a valve 24, a strainer 25, and apressure controller 26, and thence to vides a supply of water at substantially constant pressure to the steam generator, and

, this supply is maintained for'afconsiderable from a storage tank, not shown because too well understood, in communication with the pipe 27 by the vacuum created in the chamberz 8 ofthe burner and'acting through the` pipe 5 upon the vacuum tank 14. The pipe` 27 communicates with the vacuum tank 14i by way of astrainer 28 and a pipe. con-` neet-ion 29. From the vacuum tank 14 the fuel is piped by 13 to the float valve 12.

The level ofthe liquid in the fioat valve in respect to the level of the burner 1 can be raised or lowered by means of the adjusting nuts'30 and 31. `The adjustment of the float valve governs 'the size of the` flame, at any rate in part. The thermostatic.

strip 32 is carried by a spring strip 33 at-A tached at one end to the frame 34, and acted upon at the other end b the manually positioned cam 35. The tiermostatic strip 32 at its freeA end opens and closes the inlet to the pipe 6. p

In use the float valve 12 is positioned by means ofthe nuts 3() and 31 to bring the fluid level to the height in respect to the burner l'that is appropriate for combustion. The steam generator is preheated in order to supply a starting steam jet to the burner 1. The steam jet thereafter is supplied by the heat of the flame of the burner 1. Assuming the thermostatic valve 15 to be closed, the vacuum effect in the chambers 8 and 10 facilitates feed from the float valve and also lifts oil or fluid fuel into the tank 14. If the thermostatic valve opens, the vacuum effect at 10 is reduced or obliterated and the oil feed reduced. If the burner is accidentally extinguished, the generation of steam 'ceases and the oil feed stops except vas `there may be enough gravity feed to empty the tank 14 and float valve 12, but the valveis constant-as is also the water feed, and'under those circumstances the burner is automatically regulated by the vacuum effeet and if accidentally extinguished both the yoil and water feed are stopped.

Instead of preheating the steam generator in order to supply a starting jet to the burner 1, a jet of air furnished'by a-hand pump or otherwise may be used for that purpose.

In all cases ofthe application of the' invention or of features ofthe invention the use of a steam jet is not essential'because V Leanne@ the fluid supplyingthe jet maybeothen than steam, for example, air,W

lt will be obvious to those fskilled art that modilicationsinaly beniade `in ,details of construction, arrangementfand inatters of mere form Without departingrfroni the spirit of the invention .which is not lim! `ited to such matters or otlieiuvisewthan as the prior art and theappended claims may require.

`l claim: .c .i l. An oil burningapparatus comprisingra burner tube, a nozzledirected intofthetube,

a steam boiler having steam space, fallire tube eltending through the steainspace, the

burner Vbeing Y directed into the fire ,tube and the steam space being connected, tothe burner nozzle, settingnp af jet Vfrom .the nozzle though the tube. means for feeding Water against the fire tube, afuel tank, a fuel p'ipe leading from the fuelXtank to the burner tube, a fuel supply connected .tothel tank and means for utilizingthe ,vi'i'c'uuin of the jet to move the `fuel from the supply to f the tank, an air lpipe connected `to `the burner I'tube leading air thereto to` be mixed with the fuel by the action" of the steam, and means for controlling thelatter passage to control the burner vaeuunji Aandthe 4rate of combustion, said 4means comprising a theimostat and manually actuated means. ,i

2. The method of burning liquid fuel which consists in releasing fluid under pressure through aV `eonstricted vorifice `creating and maintaining a jet, utilizing the vacuum atthe sides of the jet to raise the fuel and maintain a small supply of fuel yat a constantlevel, leading the fuel from said sup` ply to the jetand Vfeeding'it thereto utiliz#- ing to said passage and a fuel pipe for uti,-A lizing the burner vacuum to maintain a supfy Y 4ply of fuel in said tank, anda vaeuuinbreak l ing passage leadingto thev burner passage and means for varying the opening through said passage for regulating the rate of .combustion. i f

d. The combination inA a liquid fuel burner, of a passage having a constricted` orifice, means for supplying fluid under pressure to the orifice, creating a jet in the passage and setting up a vacuum at the sides of the jet, a constant level fuel tank, means fb risticii.

including an air `pipe `leading to said passage and a fuel pipe-and a fuelsupply connected ,to i.said pipe rfor utilizing the burner {vacuuin.toinaintain a supply of fuelin said tank, a, .pipe connecting ythe constant level agencyandassisting with the jet inthe atoiijiizatioii,of .the fuelni'i'ieans comprising a4 second air gpipe connected to the burner pas.-

,7o l tank,totheburner orifice leading :lquidfuelf thereto, the Vvacuum acting as a feeding.

sage inthe vicinity of the orifice leading air, l

theretmaneans for ,controlling `the kopening in said pipe, thereby regulating the burner vacuum ,and^ the rate `of combustion.

`5.y `The combination .'ina liquid fuelfburner otra passage ,having a constrictedorilice leading lto the passage, ,means for supplying fluid under pressure to the orice, creating a jetinlthe passage and setting up a vacuum1 in the passage at the sides ofthe jet, a con-` stant level `:fuel tank, means .including an air pijpe leading to said passage and a fue] pipe M connected to the supply for utilizing the burner vacuum to maintain asupply of -fuel `in usaid tank, a pipe connecting thelower portion ofthe constant level tank to the burner passage yleading liquid fuel thereto,

the vacuum acting asa feeding agency and assisting and aetingwith the steam in the t atomization of the fuel, means eon'iprisinga second air pipe connected to the burner in the .vicinityl of 'the orifice leading-air thereto, tlierinostatic means for controlling the `opening in said pipe, thereby regulating the burner vacuum and the rate of combustion.

6. ln an oil burner, a nozzle, means fou leading to ,and'directing finto said `nozzle a supply of fluid `under pressure, setting up a jet through the nozzlea fuel tank and Vmeans connecting the lower portion of the tank to the ,nozzle so las to utilize `the jet vacuum in feeding the fuel,`a vacuum pipe connected to the nozzle and to the upperA portion of the fuel tanlg,'iitilizing the `jet vacuum to supply fuel to thetank, andavacuum breaking pipe leading to the nozzle and means regulating the opening through the last- -mentioned` pipe to regulate the vacuum at the sides `of the ljet and hence the rate vof fuel feed to the nozzle and the rate kof coin-` 7. In an 4oil burner, a nozzle, means for iio maintaining a` supply of fluid under pressure Vand connections leading from saidsupply to` yl2() and through the nozzle, a tank for fuel at the nozzle whereby a. fluid jet Vis set up i-n approximately the burner level, a feed pipe from the *lower `portionof the tank to the" nozzle, a fuel `supply `with connections to` said tank, and' suction means operated bythe kburner vacuum forsupplying `fuel to the tank, means for regulating `the fuel level ,l

in thetank to approximately the level of the nozzle, a. vacuum breaking tube leading to the burner nozzle, and means controlling yply to the nozz 'thepassagethiugh said pipe to regulate the Jet vvacuum and'hence the fuel supply to the burner and the rate of combustion.

8. In an oil burner, a nozzle, means for maintaining and leading to said nozzle a supply of fluid under pressure, maintaining a fluid jet'issuing from the nozzle, an 011 tank above the burner 'level,'a constant level tank substantially at thev level of the nozzle yand connected to the oiltank to receive oil therefrom, a feed Connection from the constant level tank to the burner to supply fuel thereto, the jet vacuum being utilized in feeding the fuel to the nozzle, a passage leading to the nozzle to control the admission of air to the vacuum of the jet, and means controlling the opening through said passage regulating the `et vacuum and the fuel suple and hence the rate of comustion at the nozzle.

9. In a heating plant, an oil burner, a nozzle, means for leading to and directing into'the nozzle a supply of fluid under pres- A sure, thereby causing a Afluid jet to issue from vso V,the nozzle, means for maintaining a fuel supply, and means controlled by the vacuum ofthe jet for feeding fuel to the nozzle, a yvacuum `regulating passage leading to the nozzle, and a thermostat located in the area heated by the plant, and other means actuated by the thermostat varying the opening in said passage to regulate the fuel feed and the rate of combustion.

10. In a heating plant, an oil burner, a nozzle having a longitudinal passage, means for leading to and directing into said passage afsupply of fluid under pressure, thereby setting up a fluid jet, the nozzle being provided with a chamber extending laterally from the passage, the jet serving to create a vacuum in said chamber, a fuel tank and a fuel passage connecting the tank to said chamber, a vacuum regulating passage leading to said chamber, and a thermostat located in the area being heated by said plant, and means controlled by thethermostat for controlling the opening through said regulating passage to regulate the vacuum in the chamber and hence the fuel feed and the rate of combustion.

11. In an oil burner, a nozzle having a loni' gitudinal passage, means for leading to yand directing into said passage a supply of fluid lunder pressure, setting up a fluid jet through and issuing from the passage, the nozzle being provided with a chamber extending laterally from the passage, `the jet serving to create a vacuum in said chamber, a fuel tank and a fuel passage connecting the lower portion of the tank to said chamber, an air pipe leading to said chamber, and means for varying the opening through said pipe to Leaoeo yregulate the vacuum in the chamber and vacuum of the jet is utilized to move the fuel to the tank.

12. In an oil burner, a nozzle having a longitudinal passage, means for supplying fluid under pressure at one end of said passage, a jet-forming tapered portion in the passage adjacent said end, a chamber extending laterally from the passage just beyond said tapered portion, a vacuum pipe connected to said chamber, a second chamber also extending laterally from said passage beyond the first-mentioned chamber, an oil feed pipe leading to said second chamber, and a vacuum breaking passage also leading to said second chamber, means for controlling the opening through said vacuum breaking passafre to regulate the vacuum of the jet and tlie fuel consumption, a fuel tank connected to said fuel passage and means operated by said Vacuum pipe or supplying fuel to said tank.

13. In an oil burner, a nozzle having a longitudinal passage, means for supplying fluid under pressure at one end of said passage, the passage having a jet-forming tapered portion adjacent said end, a chamber extending laterally from the passage just beyond said tapered portion, a vacuum pipe connected to said chamber, a second cham ber also extending ylaterally from said passage beyond the first-mentioned chamber, an oil suction pipe leading to said second chamber and a vacuum breaking passage also leadingto said second chamber, and means for controlling the opening through said vacuum-breaking passage to regulate the vacuum of the jet and the fuel consumption, a fuel tank connected to said fuel passage, and means operated by said vacuum pipe for supplying fuel to said tank, the tank having means for maintaining the fuel level in the tank at substantially a constant level.

14. The method of burning liquid fuel which consists in utilizing the heat generated to supply steam under pressure, passing said steam under pressure through a constricted orifice, creating and maintaining a jet, introducing small quantities of air into the nozzle just beyond the constricted arca, utilizing the vacuum of the jet to feed the liquid fuel to the burner, andl controlling the vacuum from a point of application of the resulting heat by varying the said air supply to the jet to regulate the rate of fuel yfeed and the ,rate of combustion.

HENRY H. WILLIAMS. 

